Law For Social Workers

Question: Discuss about a Report on Law For Social Workers? Answer: Our power to understand the affect of mental incapability on our bodies is important and is linked up with our well-being. The doctor patient relationship has moral binding and obligations. The concept of respect includes respect for both choices for the welfare of the patients and doctors. In addition, to be informed voluntarily, independent decisions is required for sufficient mental capacity. According to the English Law, all individuals are considered to have capacity to make decisions on their own. Before an adult can be examined as lacking capacity two things are to be established. First, that the adult who is suffering from such kind of impairment has caused the disturbance of the brain and second the factors that has caused such disturbance (Kadushin and Harkness 2014). According to the Mental Capacity Act, 2005, a person is to be assumed to have capacity unless it is established that he or she lacks in mental capacity. A person cannot be treated as unable to make a decision only because he or she merely takes an unwise decision. Joan lacking capacity could be provided treatment where it is necessary to make decision on his or her behalf. This is called the best interests decision. The person who has lacking capacity nominates a person to make decision on his or her behalf. The Court of Protection can also appoint a deputy to make decision on behalf of the person or any other rule applicable under the mental health legislation (Healy 2014). While Joan was in step down unit, she was concerned to be parted from William. She agrees to go there only for a week. Apart from William, Joan was also concerned about her daughter Lynn and grandchildren Selin and Ahla and Bashir. In this case, William and Joan can both be admitted in the same hospital together. According to the Pan London Agreement, a borough can be acquired in placing temporary accommodation for people who, due to temporary reasons are staying away from family. Boroughs are privately rented accommodation wherein homeless people can stay in case of family issues or emergencies. Local authorities can place the homeless households in private rented housing. This placement can be for a two-year period. The upcoming Localism Bill includes sections that would amend these arrangements for a period of two years, with a minimum initial tenancy of one year. (Blackwell 2012). The local authority can help William and Joan to stay in a temporary rented accommodation. The Approved Mental Health Professional (AHMP) is an establishment of an individual under the Mental Health Act, 1983. The Act abolished the role of a social worker and created an AHMP. However, this role is similar to the role of the social worker but is different from community nurses and psychologists. AHMPs are health professionals who are trained to execute the elements of the Mental Health Act, 1983. They are responsible for the organizations and co ordination of the mental health assessments. It is the duty of the AHMP to decide the detention of the person who has been assessed. For detention of an individual, the person should be suffering from mental disorder. The AHMP should prepare for the assessment of the person concerned by two medical surgeons who must be sovereign of each other and at least one of whom may be specialist in mental health. It is the duty of the AHMP to make efforts to secure detention of an individual, who is in need of mental care. AHMPs should take note of factors like gender, civilization, and ethnicity. Efforts should also be made about communication barriers such as deafness. However, it is not a good practice for the assessor to act as interpreters. In the case of William, the AHMP should also follow the duties in the same way (Dickens 2012). The AHMP should keep William in detention unless he is free from all the disorders. The AHMP should proceed with proper assessment of William and keep him in detention until he is cured properly. Upon release, William returned to married home, and the clinician advises Joan that she will be released soon and will return to William soon. In this case, the social workers responsibilities towards the couple arise. In this case, the social worker can help to maximize the academic functioning of children as well and improving the familys well being. The social worker can help Joan and William to take care of their family members, experiencing problems that exist between their family relationships and the challenges that one may face while growing old (Mandiberg 2012). The Care Act in the United Kingdom provides provision for the formation of British Association of social workers. They are qualified professional association of social workers. Social workers, often provide counseling to patients, families and groups. They serve as an intermediate between the various organizations to help the patients and work together with other health professionals. They help in legal issues too. It is the responsibility of the social worker to provide help and support to recover the communal and emotional functioning of children and their families. Additionally, Joan and William may also get help from the social worker about other personal issues that they may face, drug or alcohol related issues, mental stress or nay other trouble, which they may face because of their disability. The social workers help in improving the safety of the society. They should be trained and qualified that help them in securing the goals that they have set for improvement of family life. They also have the responsibility to protect the persons from any kind of harm to themselves or to others. They should also help in the promotion of human growth and safety. Social workers have a wide variety of tools to help children and improved manage with the pressures of life. In the present scenario also, the social workers responsibilities towards Bashir, Ahla and Selin are as follows, counsel their families to find better explanations to their troubles, treat the children in loving way, find service and housing for the homeless families, help them to find a way to the adoption system and help them to make best use for the wellbeing of the organization. Section 7 of the Care Act deals with children in need. A child in need is a person who is unlikely to achieve or maintain a reasonable standard of health or development without any extra service. Social workers can bring their skills to helping two susceptible sections: Children and their families. In about 16% of the countrys population, work as social workers in child services and 12% work in family. The reason why families have become more susceptible towards in splitting apart ranges from homelessness, drug addiction and child abuse. In all the areas, social workers use a system that is family oriented and help the families cope up towards a good adoption system. They also provide counseling to help to adopted children and deal with issues of self-identity, loss of self-esteem as well as other medicinal issues that are hereditary in nature. Social workers are the key members of a society that help in keeping the family intact. Some of the methods include relationships, good coping skills, competencies, and helping them to access the services available. Social workers help children who are victim of domestic violence. Indeed, a social worker is an necessary in helping children expand a original and improved life (Payne 2014). The Government of United Kingdom has defined safeguarding children as the process of protecting children from abuse or neglect, preventing impairment of their health and development, and ensuring they are growing up in circumstances consistent with the provision of safe and effective care that enables children to have optimum life chances and enter adulthood successfully. A protection order may be awarded in such cases. Every child matters, children are to be healthy, stay safe, enjoy life and make optimistic payment and achieve financial well being. Effectual safeguarding with regard to children, means that the services should be effective in understanding the needs and views of children. Whoever works with children have the responsibility for keeping them safe. In the given scenario also, the children should be kept in a safe environment. A single professional cannot identify the issues related to childcare therefore; it becomes the responsibility of everyone to come into contact in identifying the issues concerned. To help in effective collaboration of the individual working with children it becomes important for them to be aware of the role that they play as professionals. In short, it requires local arrangements for collaboration between experts and organizations. Children want to be respected and their views are to heard to have balanced relationships with professionals (DuBois and Miley 2013) . In the given scenario also, I would ensure that the childs right are met and utilized at its fullest. Children have the right to live a happy life and lead a satisfactory life. According to Section 17, the Local Authorities provides several responsibilities towards the children when they live away from their mother. One of the primary responsibilities includes safeguarding and thereby promoting the welfare of the children within the area who are in great need. The second most important aspects undertaken by Section 17 includes upbringing of such children by their families and thereby providing a wide range and level of services which are found to be appropriate to fulfill the needs of the children (Reamer 2013). Apart from these two vital responsibilities, the Local Authorities also provides several other duties for the concern of the children. This includes the following parameters: Advice, counselling and guidance Supervised or care activities Residential help privileges Holiday (Respite Care) Cultural, Occupational, Social and Recreational Activities Provision for family accommodation Financial help Foster care and Guardianship, are both entitled to provide a healthy and safety care perspective to the children when they are separated from their parents either by involuntary or voluntary manner. A foster care is considered as a part of the State funded social program which provides necessary temporary care for the child who cannot live with her family. The reason for foster care may be due to abuse, neglect of family disaster. A child having great behavioral matters may also enter foster care to supplement parents effort and thereby protect the child from dangers. On the other hand, Guardianship (relationship from family) is considered more permanent solution, which is used for the cares of relative caregivers. Kinship is generally preferred over the foster care as the child able to maintain relationship with the extended family in a familiar and safe environment. This agreement may be provisional or enduring, which completely depends on the situation of the parents and other affecting parameters. A placement order gives authority to the local authority to place a child with potential adopters. It can only be made in relation to a child who is subject to care order. Parental consent to the order of placement may be distributed where there is no parent or guardian. Parental consent to the placement order is given by the Court under Section 47, of the Adoptions and Children Act. A placement order, which is given by consent, is an unconditional agreement of the parent to the adoption of the child. The consent may be in any form. A placement order continues until is revoked under the adoption order or until the child is 18 or is married. In the case of mother who has just given birth to a child of six weeks then parental consent for a placement order is necessary. A local authority has the power to apply for adoption order. A placement order suspends an existing care order under Section 7 of the Order and Supervision Order. The placement order gives authority to the local person t o place a child for adoption with any potential adopters it chooses. A placement order may be revoked on a written application given by any person. When a police detains a child or a young person for interview then they must inform the appropriate adult as soon as possible. When the issue is an all out court disposals then it must be carried out in presence of the childs appropriate adult. The adults role is to prevent the interests of the child. The responsibilities include, advising and assisting the child or young person while detained or interviewed by the police, to be present when the police requests their presence, to ensure that the child understands the rights he or she has as a child. To examine whether the police is acting properly and fairly with the child he has detained for examination. The following person may be appointed as the appropriate adult: the parent or guardian of the child, person having the authority to act as the appropriate adult. This may be an organization, a voluntary care organization, or a social authority (Levy and Slavin 2013). A presentence report that contains the history of any person convicted before and after the crime. The pre sentence report shall consist of the following details, the juvenile record of Bashir, and the probation or parole history of Bashir, the official account of offense, the plea bargain, custody status and pending cases. The Children Act, 1989, places a duty on the Local Authorities for taking reasonable steps to identify the child in need. Once a transfer has been made to the Local Authority they will decide within one working day whether or not to take action. Where the concerns are serious, the Local Authority must carry out an initial assessment within seven days. The general duty of the local authority helps to safe guard the welfare of the children. The services provided under this section may include providing accommodation, giving help or in exceptional cases cash (Zastrow 2013). The Care Act, the local authorities will take on new functions. The Act makes clear that the local authorities need to provide comprehensive information and advice about care and support services in the local area. It requires the local authorities to develop a market that delivers a wide range of sustainable high quality care and support services that will be available to their social areas. Therefore, the local authority as mentioned in the Care Act and the Children Act, 1989 has the duty to protect him. Reference List: Brayne, H., Carr, H. and Goosey, D., 2015.Law For Social Workers. Oxford University Press, USA. Bullis, R.K., 2013.Spirituality in social work practice. Taylor Francis. Callard, Felicity. Mental Illness, Discrimination, And The Law. Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. Print. Cooper, Frank. Professional Boundaries In Social Work And Social Care. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2012. Print. Dickens, Jonathan. Social Work, Law And Ethics. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2013. Print. DuBois, B.L. and Miley, K.K., 2013.Social work: An empowering profession. Pearson Higher Ed. Healy, K., 2014.Social work theories in context: Creating frameworks for practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Kadushin, A. and Harkness, D., 2014.Supervision in social work. Columbia University Press. Kunin, Madeleine. The New Feminist Agenda. White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green Pub., 2012. Print. Levy, C.S. and Slavin, S., 2013.Social work ethics on the line. Routledge. Mandiberg, Michael. The Social Media Reader. New York: New York University Press, 2012. Print. Payne, M., 2014.Modern social work theory. Palgrave Macmillan. Reamer, F.G., 2013.Social work values and ethics. Columbia University Press. Zastrow, C., 2013.Brooks/Cole Empowerment Series: Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare. Cengage Learning.

Apush DBQ Roosevelt Sample Essay

Apush DBQ Roosevelt Sample EssayApush DBQ Roosevelt sample essay is one of the best essay samples available for students of AP US History. It is perfect for helping you prepare for AP US History. This essay is the part of a test that you will need to take in order to qualify for the exams.The Apush DBQ sample essay is easy to understand and use. It can be used for both testing and teaching purposes. This essay contains four parts: the introduction, the materials used, a list of examples and a conclusion. The introduction is required to introduce you to AP US History.The introduction introduces you to the course material and includes information about the AP US History syllabus. You are then introduced to your main goal of the course. Some students may have an interest in many different subjects but there are many others who will only have an interest in history. This can help you determine what subject area you are more interested in and determine if you will be able to study this pa rticular subject. It also shows you the kind of essays you will need to write in order to pass your AP US History exam.The first section of the Apush DBQ sample essay is the materials used. You will be able to learn about the different kinds of materials needed for studying and preparing for the AP US History exam. In this section you will be given information about different types of writing supplies and writing materials like paper, marker, pens, pencils, folders, etc. The material used to start each lesson and discussion sections will be shown as well.You will be asked to write in the answer choices. This is where you will be given the opportunity to let your personality shine through and be able to express yourself in a way that will reflect your strengths. You will also be given the chance to write about your current knowledge on the topic. You will be given the opportunity to add a brief personal statement to give your personal perspective on the topic. This essay sample is id eal for students who want to prepare for the AP US History by writing a personal essay that reflects their own thoughts.The second section of the essay sample is a list of examples. This list is based on the topic being covered in the article and will give students an idea of what the reader will see when they read the article. Each example lesson will use the same format, with the addition of the author's name and the title of the lesson.The final part of the essay sample is a list of lessons that will help you accomplish your main goal. This lesson list will include the first lesson of the article, the introduction, the materials used, the materials used for the first lesson, the example lessons, and the conclusion. You will find that this sample essay allows you to write a good essay while providing you with an easy way to show your strengths and weaknesses and a way to see your personal views on the topic of AP US History.

Comparing the Challenges that Being Black Creates for Douglass and Obama

Introduction Many authors have used racism as an important theme in American literature. Many books, poems and other literary works have attempted to portray racism in different ways. However, narratives based on personal experience seem to be one of the best ways of portraying the challenges that being black creates for Americans.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing the Challenges that Being Black Creates for Douglass and Obama specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The books â€Å"Dreams from my father† by Barack Obama and Frederick Douglass’s â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave† provide some of the best examples of using personal narratives to portray the evils of racism. Although written at different historical times, they portray the challenges created by virtue of being a black person in the US. What challenges did racism have in the social and career li ves of Obama and Douglass? Challenges in early life From the two narratives, it is evident that both authors were able to overcome racism and its challenges to become famous people, although at different times and in different ways. On his part, Frederick Douglass was born Frederick Bailey in 1818 as a slave child in Maryland. He worked as a slave in several farms in Maryland. He mainly received self-education through his contacts with some educated and freed blacks before escaping to New York and eventually settling in New Bedford, Massachusetts. Eventually, he became a popular anti-slavery and human rights activist. He used his literary skills and public speaking to mobilise people against the evil. On his part, Barack Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, to Ann Dunham of Kansas and Barack Obama Sr., a PhD student from Kenya. In his narrative, Obama portrays his first-hand experience with racism as he struggled to fit in an American society, access education, establish a law and po litical career to become the first African-American president of the US (Atwater 126). According to Douglass, beatings, physical torture and other cruel practices were typical of slavery during his childhood. In fact, he says that this was â€Å"†¦a common custom in the farms†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Douglas 942). For instance, as a child, he wondered why his aunt was beaten mercilessly for â€Å"falling in love†. On the other hand, Obama did not face such challenges, but bullying in school and neighbourhood, especially by white children and neighbours, was common.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Education According to the two narratives, the challenge of being black comes early in life. During his childhood, Frederick Douglas remained enslaved in the farms. While white children were in good schools, Douglass and other black children had to work on the farms. The white fa rmers took the advantage opportunity of making it hard for slave children to access education. This made the blacks more and more ignorant. White children would be sent to the best schools to improve their future careers. According to the narrative, it was a custom for the white farmers to keep their slaves ignorant in order to perpetuate slavery. Douglas quotes Master Hugh â€Å"†¦ education can spoil the ‘best nigger’ (slave) in the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Douglass 46). As a child, Douglas did not receive the right education. Instead, he had to educate himself. This is comparably different from the case of Barack Obama. During Douglass’s era, slavery had not been abolished. In addition, education was yet to be made compulsory. Education was for the whites, wealthy people and freed blacks. On the other hand, Obama did not receive such challenges because education was a basic right during his childhood and slavery had long been abolished. Nevertheless, Obamaâ €™s narrative shows some evidence of similarly with Douglass’s experience. For instance, Obama lived among the blacks as a child, attending schools that were mainly for blacks and poor people. As such, the education was not as good as the one offered to the children of the whites and wealthy people (Atwater 124). Parenting and identity Challenges in parenting and search for personal identity also emerge as some major themes in the two books. For instance, Douglass did not know his father, but it was rumoured that he was the son of his white master. According to Douglass, slave children hardly knew their origins, dates of birth and relatives because they were normally separated from their relatives early in life. For instance, the white farmer separated the child (Douglass) from the mother probably to avoid any disclosure of the fact that Douglass was his biological child. Like other black slaves, Douglass did not know his origins, the exact date of birth or his parents.Ad vertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing the Challenges that Being Black Creates for Douglass and Obama specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This was a form of psychological challenge to the black communities. On the other hand, Obama experienced psychological torture trying to know his father. He was separated from his father after the parents divorced and the father returned to his native Kenya. His mother had little knowledge of his father’s origins and relatives, yet the boy wanted to know his real identity. Challenges in adulthood and career development In their youth and adult lives, both Obama and Frederick provide adequate evidence of the challenges that their skin colour created. In addition, they describe the limitations that racism had on career development. For instance, the lack of proper education in childhood, the quest for self-education and the need to escape from the farms were major challen ges in Douglass’s life. Although Douglass had the chance to escape from the farm, he had to wait for years because education was an important tool for the escaping slaves (Miller 54). The process of self-education was obviously long, which delayed his escape and made him a slave for a long time. Even after planning to escape, Douglass had to meet strict terms and conditions for leaving the farm. For instance, he says that he had to get only two dollars per week, work with â€Å"calking tools† and miss a number of other privileges. In addition, even after leaving the farm, he had to live like a fugitive slave. To buy his freedom, Douglass had to make endearing friendships, tour Europe and risk his life as an organizer of anti-slavery movements (Miller 73). On his part, Barack Obama faced problems as he sought to establish his career as a lawyer, educator and politician. First, his life as a youth and early adult was almost destroyed by the â€Å"†¦party lifestyle of drugs and alcohol†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Obama 93). According to his narrative, most victims of drugs, alcohol and tobacco were the blacks and poor youths who were mainly unemployed, barely educated and hopeless (Obama 94). Like Douglas, getting education did not mean that Obama was free from the challenges of racism. For example, Obama had to face the negative perception of a black leader in his campaigns for election as the president of Harvard law review. Conclusion From this analysis, it is evident that racism has been portrayed as the main theme in the two books. Douglass’s story revolves around his life from slavery in Maryland to a pioneer activist, author and political leader. Similarly, Obama’s book shows his experience with racism as he struggles to fit in a society that has little regards for the blacks.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Atwater, Deborah F. â€Å"Senator Barack Obama: The Rhetoric of Hope and the American Dream.† Journal of Black Studies 38.2 (2007): 121-29. Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. New York: Crown Publishing Inc, 1990. Print. Miller, James A. â€Å"Frederick Douglass 1818-1895† The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Boston: Houghton Mifflin 1998. Print Obama, Barack. Dreams from My Father. New York: Random House, 2004. Print This essay on Comparing the Challenges that Being Black Creates for Douglass and Obama was written and submitted by user Nightmare to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What Goes Well with Chicken Soup

What Goes Well with Chicken Soup Lots of writers ask me how to get published in the bestselling, â€Å"Chicken Soup for the Soul† book series. That’s because I’m very lucky to be a frequent contributor. In the past few years, they’ve published 40 of my stories.    Submitting is simple. You go to their website: www.chickensoup.com, fill in your name, address, etc., and then just paste your story. Authors receive $200 plus 10 books per story. CSS editors receive over 5,000 submissions per book. The editors want stories, not essays. I keep the term â€Å"a Chicken Soup moment† etched in my brain. At this point, I’m acutely aware of when I’m experiencing a Chicken Soup moment. Or notice that someone else is. I was reading a friend’s Facebook post. On her FB page, she posted a beautiful picture of a Christmas decoration she kept up all year and wrote, â€Å"I hung these three angels from my dining room chandelier at Christmas two years ago and they have never left.† Her caption for her picture: â€Å"Angels Watching Over Me.† The instant I saw that, I e-mailed her, suggesting that was a perfect Chicken Soup moment. Your life is filled with Chicken Soup moments. You just have to see them. Those moments do not need to be huge, as in a miraculous medical recovery. You can find them in the simplest of experiences. Although I have had stories accepted about my spinal cord injury, simpler topics have included: â€Å"The Appointment,† about my husband falling apart when our dog got groomed for the first time, â€Å"Little Things Matter,† about not celebrating Valentine’s Day because we didn’t want to bother, â€Å"My Husband is on a Diet† about family humor, â€Å"Mud-dling Through,† about how I stopped to help an old dog get up from a mucky sandbar. I’m seeing a slight trend of CSS accepting more humor, as well as just a tiny touch of edginess. In â€Å"Chicken Soup for the Soul: Shaping the New You,† my humor story has the following dialogue. Last night he screamed from the bathtub, â€Å"I’ve got it!† I called out from the den, â€Å"Geez Bob. I hate to think what you mean In another book, â€Å"Think Positive,† I tell a story involving my husband having x-rays. The technician forgot to remove whatever they call those things that are placed over nipples so that nipples don’t show up as suspicious spots on the films. I have this dialogue: â€Å"What are people going to think if you’re wearing nipple buttons?† I grabbed his nipples and started yanking. A year ago, I would have edited those parts out before submitting. Although the editors have published my reprints, as long as the columns ran in a very small venue, they prefer originals. I retain rights to my stories. However I do agree to give permission to CSS to use my story in various venues. That’s part of the contract. This works in my favor. My stories have appeared in www.beliefnet.com, which is a huge inspirational website. Several of my works have been picked up, also via CSS, Your chances of acceptance are increased if you submit something unique. You can predict the most common topics. A terrific writer/friend submitted a story about finishing his first marathon for the book: â€Å"Runners.† He didn’t get accepted. He’s such a great writer, but one’s first marathon was likely the topic of plenty of stories for that book. CSS editors prefer diversity, and your life is full of it, trust me.

The Civil Rights Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Civil Rights Movement - Essay Example Through reading the available resources, it is clear that the movement was mainly centered in the South in regions that had a heavy population of African Americans and where there was blatant racial inequality in legal, political, economic, and education opportunities. Local and state governments had passed the Jim Crow laws in the 19th century that had restricted qualifications to vote for African Americans, which ensured they were politically and economically powerless1. In my view, therefore, I will argue that the civil rights movement addressed the primary areas of voting rights, social segregation, and education discrimination. The Brown Decision A new era in the civil rights movement was ushered in by the Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Education Board of Topeka in Kansas2. This decision outlawed segregation based on race. The decision outlawed this in public schools, which was condemned by whites and supremacist groups in the South such as the Citizen’s Council and the Ku Klux Klan for the resistance of desegregation, which resorted to violence at times. From the readings, I deciphered that one of the targets fro this groups was the NAACP. I also believe that the NAACP had taken a leading role in the US national struggle for desegregation of education, as it had done at the local level. Here, evidence shows that African Americans had organized branches to fight societal discrimination. The first attempt to comply with this decision was in Little Rock, in 19573. A local school admitted nine African American students to a school that was all white, which I can see propelled the escalation of violence from whites and led to President Eisenhower sending federal troops to protect African American students. Social Segregation From my reading, an organized boycott, led by Rosa Parks and lasting 381 days, was a turning point against segregated seating. I believe this sitting was an important occurrence in the civil rights movement because it led to th e Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957 to be presided over by Martin Luther King Jr., who was to become a central figure in the movement4. The movement’s participants were also expanded with the inclusion of the college-age blacks who initiated sit-ins at segregated lunch counters in Greensboro. Most SNCC members joined up with the CORE that had organized the 1961 Freedom Rides in Chicago. I find that white and black Freedom Riders began the ride in Washington D.C., and rode south to test the Boynton v. Virginian Supreme Court ruling that had outlawed segregation at transport terminals5. While they were arrested, beaten and even had their bus burnt, I find that, ultimately, they succeeded in enforcing the Boynton ruling. I think that Albany in Georgia was one of the significant towns in this movement as MLK and the SCLC joined in their struggle, although they were unable to get any significant victories and I find this to have been one of MLK’s most humilia ting defeats6. This turned the spotlight to Birmingham where I found that the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights, through Rev. Shuttlesworth had led the struggle against social discrimination. The local African Americans had come up against segregationist policies. In my view, Eugene Connor, Birmingham’s public safety commissioner, was responsible for the town’s reputation as thoroughly segregated. MLK got there in 1963 and, together with

Watsons Caring Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Watsons Caring Model - Essay Example More so, professional nurses need to attend to patients with a positive regard and show them unconditional acceptance. Most importantly, Watson suggests that nurses need to spend time with the patients, which he calls caring moment. Watson believes that competent nurses and how they attend to patients makes the patients to feel secure; therefore, according to Watson’s caring model, nurses caring relationship with patients positively relates with the patients quick recovery, quality life and prolongation of life. Watson’s model argues that caring is the essence of nursing as it helps patients to find hope and meaning in sickness and suffering. This essay explores Watsons caring model focusing on the concepts and sub concepts of the theory, the generality of the theory and how it is applied across the culture, and lastly the impacts and its continuing influence. The key components of Watsons caring model include â€Å"carative factors, a transpersonal caring relationship, and caring moments or occasion† (Lachman, 2012). To begin with, carative factors include showing love, kindness and concern displaying sensitivity to oneself and other people’s. More so, carative factors covers understanding and accepting other people’s emotions, feelings and perceptions and convincing them to share their feelings and views, and also establishing supportive and protective environment for the patients. Furthermore, providing basic human needs, spiritual as well as the existential needs of the patient and effectively use interpersonal communication skills to establish trusting and caring relationships also serve as part of carative (Basford and Slevin, 2003). Watson caring model suggest that patients need to be helped in the creative use of self as part of caring (De and Anderson, 2008). Nevertheless, a transpersonal caring interaction c omes in when both the nurse and patient are looking

How modernity arises through various theories

How modernity arises through various theories Charles Taylor two theories of modernity Modernization is a term that is usually used to distinguish the present from the traditional or earlier aspects. While there are many ways of distinguishing the present from the old, we might wonder how modernity arises. Many scholars have tried to explain how modernity arises through various theories. This paper will focus on Charles Taylor two theories of modernity. Charles Taylor postulated that modernity is not a form of life but a movement from one constellation to another. He appreciated that there are two perspectives from which modernity arises; cultural and acultural. In the cultural model, each human group has its own identity, language, virtues, vices, specific understanding of humanity and social relations. These aspects may undergo transformations with time and this influences the culture of that particular group. At this point, we have to admit that there is a difference before and after transformation, the culture will have changed by the time these transformations are manifested (Charles,). In the acultural model, Charles tries to distinguish the present from the past as a whole. In this case, he does not look at transformation from a single culture perspective but the changes that occur to all cultures within a stipulated period of time. In this model, modernity is conceived by growth of reason for instance growth of scientific consciousness or though differentiating between fact finding and evaluation. In this case, the modernity is accounted for by intellectual and social changes. An example of this was during the ages of reason and enlightenment, industrialization and urbanization. There were imminent transformations in all cultures. While each culture has to go through these transformations, some are forced to undergo these transformations (Charles,). Acultural modernity is such that each culture plays a principle role and is not defined by an end point in understanding these transformations from either a personal or societal perspective. Though this kind of modernity is culture neutral, it affects all cultures either positively or negatively. Sometimes, some culture may suffer from the impact of a transformation in modernity. Transformations usually arise in one culture or civilization and spread to the rest. The culture from which transformation starts is powered by its own positive visions for good. However, some cultures undergo though these transformations easily while others have a hard time. This is characterized by the difference the transformation will serve in that particular culture and not when the idea of the transformation arrived in this culture. Charles appreciated the fact that transformations are facilitated by having certain values and understanding of things. Each culture has different perspectives on different transformations depending on their values and understanding of that transformation. In fact many developments and transformations in the last few centuries were based on culture neutral developments. Acultural theory is dominant over cultural because it shows transition from traditional beliefs to modern way of life. This may be described in scenarios such as those of urbanization and industrialization. Transformation of this type may influence cultures positively or negatively. Those cultures that valued traditional beliefs and have narrow scientific reason have difficulties in appreciating transformation. At this point, we might wonder which theory is good and which is bad. However, there is no good or bad theory as they explain transition to modernity and show how traditional beliefs are lost. Though cultural theory is of the point of view in which we visualize one culture among others, we cannot overemphasize the fact that the first accounts of modernization and development were acultural. As most scholars believe, Charles denotes that cultural theories make value judgements impossible, acultural theories are believed to be materialistic. Despite these negative attitudes towards these theories, Charles emphasizes that they play an important role in the concept of modernization. All in all, we cannot disregard that modernization is as a result of social and intellectual change. Charles notes that after the seventeenth century, there was imminent transformation arising from the western modernity and after these transformations, natural science was valid and the technology that accompanied this had efficacy. These transformations were embraced in some cultures while others were forced to appreciate them. Different cultures have different beliefs and through acultural theory, these civilizations are bound to come together. All civilizations will lose their traditional beliefs even those that resisted the challenge. The road to modernity eventually ends when all civilizations look alike. Different civilizations will understand these transformations differently and have different perspectives on them. There are several levels of understanding transformations; the divine, cosmos and embodied understanding. Charles acknowledges that these different levels of understanding bring about changes in belief and shift in views of the possibilities. In this case, there are people for certain transformations while are others are against. Charles gave the example that people believed there is God but when their views changed, there was conception of atheist. This purely based on ones view and horizon or what they believe in depending on their understanding towards a certain concept. Although acultural theory is dominant over cultural theory of modernity, there are some limitations. This theory does not clearly show the originality of the western modernity and the fact that we tend to underestimate the nature of this transformation. Charles disregards that though modernity started in the west, it is not western specifically but a form of life where all cultures converge. It is unfortunate that some civilizations lose whatever they believe in just to hold on other transformations. This pattern lacks what Charles called rational justification. Acultural theory puts all civilizations in the same package of transformation. Charles Taylor argues that if a civilization fails to note its contrast with other civilizations, it will have a distorted understanding of forthcoming transformations and people in that civilization will have self misunderstanding which can be very costly to the civilization. In this case, the civilizations knowledge and background is suppressed. In other words, this may be termed as a form of colonization. It may seem that this civilization does not know itself and the relation it has to other civilizations. Despite the truths of acultural theory on evolution of modernity, it is worth noting that a change only moves us from constellation to another which throws up its values and traditions to move to the other. This is in support of the cultural theory of modernization. There are varied views on the cultural and acultural theories of modernity. While some support one theory and disregard the other, others have negative and positive attributes of both cultures. However, we have to appreciate that though some of these facts may be true, both theories have played a significant role in explaining modernity. According to Charles, modernity has presented numerous problems in social science. Modernity is combination new practices, way of life and single forms neutral phenomenon. Charles acknowledges that there are multiple modernities which are products of depending on the self understanding and practices of different civilizations. References Charles Taylor. Two theories of modernity.